Before religion became "morality touched with emotion" it was the emotion itself, or a group of emotions, and it still is. Those emotion are, in the translator's summary, "the feeling of the 'uncanny', the thrill of awe or everence, the sense of dependence, of the impotence, or of nothingless, or again, the feeling of religious rapture and exaltation." In this fascinating work, Rudolf Otto calls them the non-rational feelings, the sence of the tremendous, the awful, the mysterious, or, in a word of his choosing, the "muminous". both author and translator make it clear that religion must accomodate both the numinous and the ethiczl. The idea of the Holy (Das heilige), which is fuindamentally an inquiry into the non-rational factor in the established itself, since the English translation first appeared in 1923, as a classic in the field of religious philosophy.